Category: DBA Journey

Update 24/11

My hypotheses just grew from 14 to 20. Like I gotta add more or less 2 pages extra to report on the new hypotheses

Chapter 2,4 and 5 needs updates. Can I do this in 2 days. Not panicking now, but suffering in silence and somewhat stressed out.

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Finally managed to submit my completed first draft on 18 October 2024 morning. I have got 2 weeks before submitting my final and finished draft along with hardcopies. I would do the tabling first then follow everything within the orders listed.

Next to do to clean up and finalise:

• Tabling figures and titles with pages
• Transfer to UiTM thesis template file
• Revise on Chapter 2 – Literature Review
• Revise on hypotheses, TRAM theories, results throughout theses
• Check on AI
• Check on Turnitin for similarity
• Words check – 50,000 words and above
• Check on indexed publication
• Submission checklists (24-29 Nov 2024)
  • 3 softbound copies – to mail to AAGBS
  • Softcopy format
  • Borang penyerahan tesis

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Meeting minutes 15 Nov:

Thesis:
Title – TECHNOLOGY READINESS AND TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE TOWARDS INTENTION TO ADOPT INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) AMONG SMALL-SCALE FARMERS IN SABAH: MEDIATING EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL AMBIDEXTERITY

Abstract – results – change according to latest abstract submitted, TRAM

Chapter 1: Research objective and questions
-Research objective – TAM mediates TRI towards intention
Technological readiness acceptance model (TRAM)
1) TRAM towards intention

Problem statement:

Chapter 2: LR – Development of Conceptual Framework

• Hypothesis development – TRI towards intention direct effect
• justify – make everything consistent
• conceptual framework (TRAM) – (TRI) (TAM)
• hypothesis – PEoU and PoU

Chapter 4: Analysis

• Analyse PEoU towards PoU

Update date: 22/11/2024

So, I am so overwhelmed right now, and trying hard not to crash into frantic crying – though I cry a little inside. It feels like I am stuck firefighting inside a burning forest. And it has been like that for the the past few months already. This is it, I think, the peak.

I am so stressed out that my thesis is not completed yet despite of quite extreme measures I did to speed up my writing. I promised my supervisors to submit on Tuesday latest by Wednesday (today is already Thursday almost 5pm, oh my God!). I am just about 7,000 words shy of finishing them all together. It’s only the discussion part that I have to finish. Then, double check on the figures and tabling numbers and references. Just a little bit more.

I am at boiling point right now. I still have a class to teach tonight, an assignment to submit tomorrow, a flight to catch tomorrow and I haven’t packed yet. And also I’m nervous plus excited to compete this weekend. It’s also my birthday in a few days.

Maybe I put too much expectation on myself. I am also scared, what if I can’t finish it before I fly tomorrow? What’s my plan? Will I face any harsh consequences if it doesn’t get done by tomorrow?

I guess, at this rate, I have to come out with a plan. What’s the minimum effort that I can do with the time I have now to just produce a working thesis. After all, we are only required to submit a 90-95% completed thesis this week. I may take some time to think and strategise a plan that could work for 3-4 hours. Seriously, I’m gonna fold my laundry now to ease the pressure.

Abstract

Table of Contents

List of Figures

List of Tables

Chapter 1

• Check references writeup and citations
• Chapter summary

Chapter 2

• Technology Acceptance towards Intention to Adopt IoT – hypothesis development
• Writeup and references
• Fill agencies functions (12/10)
• Check references and citations

Chapter 3

• Research paradigm and design
• Instrument (14/10)
• Writeups on applications selected
• Writeups on awareness delivery
• Multi-mediation analysis method, VAF calculation, types of mediation
• Testing predictive relevance/power writeups (16/10)
• Cochran’s formula, Hair et al reference on sample size above 400 accuracy
• Include data of farmers or land size from DAN 2.0 (17/10)
• References and citations

Chapter 4

• Response rate
• Data preparation – data screening & cleaning, data normality test
• Writeups on descriptive statistics – survey on knowledge and backgrounds, thematic analysis barriers in adopting IoT, constructs descriptive analysis
• Writeups on empirical analysis
• Assessment of Measurement Model
• Assessment of Structural model
• Assessment of Mediating Effect
• Assessment of Predictive Power
• Summary of Model and Hypothesis Testing Results
• Discussions(15/10)
• Chapter summary

Chapter 5

• Introduction
• Discussion on findings:
• Relationship between Technological Readiness with Technological Acceptance towards Intention to Adopt IoT
• Relationship between Perception of Usefulness and Perception of Ease of Use towards Intention to Adopt IoT
• The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Ambidexterity towards Intention to Adopt IoT
• Sabah Divisional Analysis Findings
• Contribution and Implications (6/10)
• Theoretical Contribution (13/10)
• Empirical Contribution
• Practical Contribution
• Limitation of Study
• Recommendation for Future Research
• Conclusion (11/10)

References

Appendix // later after draft submission

• Divisional analysis and backgrounds // later after draft submission
• Questionnaire set
• Letters from UiTM
• REC letter

Writing a thesis can be stressful and depressing for many reasons, stemming from both the academic and personal challenges involved in the process. Below are some common factors that contribute to these feelings:

1. High Expectations and Pressure

• Academic Pressure: A thesis is often the most important and challenging project in a graduate program, carrying significant weight toward obtaining a degree. The pressure to meet academic standards, demonstrate originality, and contribute to the field can be overwhelming.
• Self-imposed Expectations: Many students place high expectations on themselves, wanting their work to be perfect, innovative, and impactful. This creates a heavy mental burden, especially when progress feels slow or insufficient.

2. Time Management and Procrastination

• Lengthy Process: A thesis can take months or even years to complete, and managing time effectively across such a long timeline can be challenging. Students often juggle thesis writing with other responsibilities like coursework, jobs, or family obligations, making it difficult to maintain consistent progress.
• Procrastination: The complexity of the task and fear of not meeting expectations often lead to procrastination. This, in turn, leads to stress as deadlines loom closer, and feelings of guilt or failure may develop.

3. Isolation

• Working Alone: Thesis writing is often a solitary activity, with long hours spent researching, writing, and revising. This isolation can lead to feelings of loneliness, particularly if students aren’t engaging in regular social or academic interactions.
• Lack of Support: While advisors and peers can provide support, students often feel that they’re working alone or that others don’t fully understand the struggles they’re going through.

4. Complexity and Uncertainty

• Unstructured Nature: Unlike regular coursework or exams, a thesis requires self-direction. There’s no clear “right” answer, and this open-ended nature can cause uncertainty about whether the research is progressing in the right direction.
• Scope Creep: Students may struggle with defining and sticking to a manageable scope for their research. It’s easy to feel overwhelmed when new ideas, data, or challenges arise, leading to a sense of never-ending work.

5. Fear of Failure and Imposter Syndrome

• Fear of Rejection: The idea that the thesis could be criticized or rejected after so much effort is a major source of anxiety. The stakes feel high, and students may fear that their work will not be seen as valuable by their advisor, committee, or the broader academic community.
• Imposter Syndrome: Many students experience imposter syndrome, where they feel like they aren’t competent enough or don’t belong in academia. This can lead to self-doubt and a belief that they aren’t capable of completing their thesis, even if they’ve been successful in previous academic work.

6. Perfectionism and Revision Fatigue

• Perfectionism: Many students feel the need to produce a flawless thesis, which can paralyze progress. Every word, argument, and section may be scrutinized, leading to frequent revisions and second-guessing.
• Endless Revisions: The thesis writing process often involves multiple rounds of feedback from advisors, with numerous revisions required. This can lead to burnout and frustration, particularly if the student feels that progress is slow or stagnant.

7. Emotional and Physical Strain

• Emotional Toll: The stress, isolation, and self-doubt involved in thesis writing can take a significant emotional toll. Feelings of frustration, anxiety, and depression are common, especially when students feel stuck or encounter setbacks.
• Physical Strain: The long hours of writing and research, often accompanied by poor self-care habits (e.g., lack of sleep, poor diet, or minimal exercise), can lead to physical exhaustion, further contributing to feelings of burnout and stress.

8. Balancing Other Responsibilities

• Life Commitments: Many students are balancing their thesis with other life commitments, such as part-time or full-time work, family responsibilities, or personal relationships. Trying to manage all these demands can increase stress levels, particularly when progress on the thesis feels slow.
• Financial Pressure: For some students, financial stress adds to the burden. The pressure to finish quickly to secure a job or complete the degree before funding runs out is a common source of anxiety.

How to Alleviate Stress and Depression during Thesis Writing

While thesis writing is inherently challenging, there are ways to reduce stress and maintain mental well-being throughout the process:

1. Break Down Tasks: Divide the thesis into smaller, manageable tasks with clear deadlines. Celebrate small victories along the way to maintain motivation.
2. Seek Support: Engage with your advisor, peers, or a thesis support group for feedback, motivation, and encouragement. Don’t hesitate to ask for help when you feel stuck.
3. Practice Self-Care: Prioritize your well-being by maintaining healthy habits, such as regular exercise, proper sleep, and taking breaks. This helps combat burnout and keeps your mind fresh.
4. Manage Expectations: Accept that your thesis doesn’t have to be perfect; it just needs to meet the necessary academic standards. Striving for progress, not perfection, is key.
5. Keep Perspective: Remind yourself that the thesis is a learning process and not the culmination of your entire academic or professional worth. Focus on growth rather than fear of failure.

Here are several practical strategies for overcoming specific challenges related to thesis writing, organized by the key areas that often cause stress:

1. Time Management and Procrastination

• Create a Schedule: Set a realistic timeline with specific goals and deadlines for each section of your thesis. Breaking the work into smaller tasks, such as writing 500 words a day or finishing a chapter draft by a certain date, makes the process feel more manageable. Use tools like calendars, to-do lists, or project management apps (e.g., Trello, Notion) to stay organized.
• The Pomodoro Technique: Work in focused intervals (e.g., 25 minutes of writing, followed by a 5-minute break). This method can help you stay productive without feeling overwhelmed by long writing sessions. The frequent breaks also prevent burnout.
• Set Priorities: Prioritize tasks based on importance and deadlines. Sometimes, tackling the most challenging or pressing task first (like data analysis or structuring your argument) can relieve the pressure for the rest of the day.
• Overcome Perfectionism: If you struggle with procrastination due to perfectionism, remind yourself that first drafts don’t have to be perfect. Aim for progress rather than perfection, and allow yourself to revise and improve your work later. The key is to get your ideas down on paper first.

2. Managing Isolation

• Join a Writing Group: Find or create a thesis writing group, either online or in-person. These groups can offer accountability, feedback, and social support. Regular meetings provide a sense of community and can reduce the feeling of isolation.
• Check-in with Peers or Advisors: Schedule regular check-ins with your thesis advisor or peers to discuss your progress, even if it’s just to share what you’re working on. These conversations can offer new insights, motivate you, and keep you connected.
• Create a Support Network: Lean on friends, family, or fellow students for emotional support. Talking about your struggles, even if they’re not directly related to your thesis, can relieve stress and make the experience feel less solitary.

3. Dealing with Uncertainty and Scope Creep

• Clarify Expectations with Your Advisor: If you feel uncertain about your research direction or progress, have a clear conversation with your advisor. Discuss your ideas, get feedback on your scope, and seek advice on how to manage your project’s boundaries. Knowing exactly what’s expected of you can reduce anxiety and help you focus on the right tasks.
• Define a Clear Research Question: Having a well-defined research question is crucial to avoiding scope creep. Once your research question is clear, regularly check whether the work you’re doing aligns with it. If new ideas come up, evaluate whether they contribute directly to answering your question or if they can be left for future research.
• Set Milestones for Each Section: Define specific milestones for each part of the thesis—literature review, methodology, data analysis, etc. Focus on completing each section one at a time to avoid feeling overwhelmed by the thesis as a whole.

4. Overcoming Imposter Syndrome and Self-Doubt

• Acknowledge Your Progress: It’s easy to get caught up in what you haven’t done, but it’s important to recognize your achievements. Keep track of your progress—whether it’s writing a paragraph, gathering data, or analyzing results—and celebrate these milestones. Reflecting on what you’ve accomplished can boost confidence and motivation.
• Practice Self-Compassion: Be kind to yourself when things don’t go as planned. If you encounter setbacks or if progress is slower than expected, remind yourself that challenges are a normal part of the process. Self-compassion helps combat the feelings of inadequacy that contribute to imposter syndrome.
• Visualize the End Result: Picture yourself finishing the thesis and how it will feel to submit it. Visualization can reduce anxiety and help you stay focused on the end goal, rather than getting bogged down by doubts during the process.

5. Avoiding Burnout

• Set Realistic Daily Goals: Avoid burnout by setting achievable daily goals. Working for 8-10 hours straight may seem productive, but it often leads to exhaustion. Instead, aim for 4-5 hours of focused writing or research each day and make time for breaks, exercise, and relaxation.
• Incorporate Physical Activity: Exercise is an excellent stress reliever and helps keep your mind sharp. Incorporating even short physical activity (like walking, yoga, or stretching) into your daily routine can improve both mental and physical well-being.
• Take Mental Health Breaks: Give yourself permission to take breaks when you need them, whether it’s for an hour or even a full day. Taking time off helps to clear your mind, avoid burnout, and come back with renewed focus.

6. Getting Through Writer’s Block

• Start Anywhere: If you’re struggling with writer’s block, don’t worry about writing in order. Start with the section you feel most comfortable with, whether it’s the methodology, results, or a part of the literature review. Once you get some momentum, it’s easier to tackle the more difficult parts.
• Freewriting: Spend 10-15 minutes doing a freewriting exercise on any section of your thesis. Don’t worry about structure, grammar, or perfection—just write whatever comes to mind. This can help get past mental blocks and generate ideas.
• Change Your Environment: Sometimes, working in the same place every day can stifle creativity. Try switching your environment—work in a café, library, or even a different room at home. A change of scenery can spark fresh ideas and help you get unstuck.

7. Coping with Endless Revisions

• Set Boundaries for Revisions: Once you receive feedback, set specific goals for each revision phase. For example, decide to spend one week revising your methodology based on feedback, rather than continuously revisiting it. Having a set timeline for revisions helps prevent endless tweaking.
• Prioritize Feedback: If you’re receiving feedback from multiple people (e.g., your advisor and committee members), prioritize the feedback that aligns most with the objectives of your thesis. If some suggestions conflict, clarify with your advisor which points are most important to address.
• Know When to Stop: At some point, you’ll need to submit your thesis, even if it’s not perfect. Recognize when your revisions are making significant improvements versus when you’re just fine-tuning minor details. Aim for completion, not perfection.

8. Balancing Life and Thesis Writing

• Establish Boundaries: Set clear boundaries between work and personal life. For example, commit to working on your thesis during certain hours and give yourself permission to stop working after that time. Balancing thesis writing with downtime is crucial to avoid burnout and maintain mental health.
• Create a Flexible Routine: A routine can help maintain productivity while giving you flexibility. For example, dedicate the mornings to focused writing and leave afternoons open for lighter tasks (e.g., reading, editing) or personal activities. This balance allows you to stay productive without feeling overwhelmed.

9. Seeking Professional Help

• Academic Writing Support: If you struggle with writing, consider seeking help from your institution’s writing center or hiring a professional editor. A second pair of eyes can make a big difference, especially when you’re too close to the material to see issues clearly.
• Counseling or Therapy: If the stress and anxiety become too much, talking to a counselor or therapist can help. Many universities offer mental health services specifically for graduate students, which can provide a safe space to manage thesis-related stress.

By adopting some of these strategies and adjusting them to your personal situation, you can make the thesis writing process more manageable and less stressful. Keep in mind that progress is a process—it’s normal to face challenges, but small, consistent steps will eventually lead you to completion.

30,000 words to go! Off-duty day, working on maximising my time to write and to start training again for next competition. Drake’s Massive song blasting on repeat! I like Drake, not sure what is so appealing about him. Heard that he’s some kind of a jerk too. But let’s not go there!

Ok back to the checklist:

• Response rate summary
• Data normality test
• Descriptive statistics – SPSS
• Assessment of measurement model – PLS
• Assessment of structural model – PLS
• Assessment of mediation effect
• Discussion – empirical analysis
• Discussion – industrial analysis

Writing this chapter is so exhausting, with drawing diagrams, tables (I despise making graphics using Office tools) and I think my eyesight is getting worse with squinting a lot looking for figures and significant ones to analyse on. It’s not going to get easier. If it’s easy, everyone would do it. I am also stressed out (stressing myself out with no valid proof) that my supervisors are going to criticise hard this chapter that I worked so hard thinking, analysing and writing on. They really are not kind with their comments, nothing is spared – good thing I’m a trained thick-skin (thanks Mom and Dad). If only they knew how hard it is for me to come up to this level. Let’s just sort this out. I think I am at the last diagram already, and next is to write up on empirical and mediation analysis. Was close to be overwhelmed, I quickly did some guided meditation and feel a bit okay and could think more rationally afterwards.

Crammed in at home and wrote my data analysis for more than 12 hours yesterday! Crazy longest hours I’ve spent on desk work. The more I analyse all the data that I took (that costed me almost 5 grand!), the more I discover on other stuff to check and detailed out.

The findings drove me wild! I can’t wait to finish them all and do a proper write up. In my data analysis part, I have included:

• Descriptive analysis of each item
• Analysis per construct for each cluster/division
• TRI, EA analysis for Sabah and each cluster
• Demographic profile
• Knowledge and awareness profiles
• PLS-SEM analysis – measurement, structural and median analysis

I was stuck for a bit due to questions regarding analysing reflective formative higher order construct. After almost a week researching, turned out I couldn’t do it because of defect in questionnaire design. I couldn’t do redundancy analysis / convergence test cause there’s no global item or formative response to compare my data against. It’s also refreshing to know that I wasn’t alone. Some authors skip it altogether, but I couldn’t find very good references on this, so I decided to do direct reflective lower order analysis instead. After I have made that decision, things are just flowing moving forward. Thank God, like finally! Should I have another opportunity to conduct this kind of studies, I will carefully design my instrument.

Earlier on, I was stuck at detailing my sampling method. If I am looking for Sabah agriculture demography, I almost didn’t have enough numbers. A week over reading and researching, I have settled on how to structure my writeup and finalise my data for analysis accordingly with the cluster portion.

At this stage, I can see clearly now the stuff I learn theoretically. All the research process that I’m going through is so important and have to be conducted ethically for it to be meaningful. There’s a certain level of responsibility involved when I think of who am I delivering my research reports for. After checking out the preliminary results, I have just found a new drive to finish my thesis the soonest I can. It’s too important for others to see especially the policy makers. One week to go, I will finish it on time! May Allah ease.